Governor



Jan. 24, 1939. 2,145,086

A. C. HOOF GOVERNOR Filed May 21,1934 2 sheets-sheet 1 l l/ l 5o o 36 5{7i- 4- INVENTOR.' A

ATTORNEY.

Jan. 24, 1939.

Filed May 21, 1934 A. C. HOOF GOVERNOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 z 250cm/9M.

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\25oon.m1 ddlOn C 77/00'/ zwanen. afdwffs Psw/N6 oF vs v 'sonnen o lo 504D 50 Patented Jan. 24, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GOVERNORAddison C. Hoof, Hinsdale, Ill.

Application May 21,

3 Claims.

My invention relates to gcvernors,and more particularly to governors ofthe suction type for use with internal combustion engines.

The principal object of my invention is to provvide an improved andsimplified governor capable of functioning efficiently and accurately inconnection with internal combustion motors. My invention relatesparticularly to governors of the unbalanced valve type which are wellknown in the prior art and which function to close off the fuelpassageway in proportion'to the suction of internal combustion engines,and which are all provided with a force resisting element usually of thespring or suction controlled type.

In the design of a governor of the type which I have described, it hasbeen recognized that the resistance member which operates to balance thevalve at a desired open position, must follow a certain curve of effortproduced by the suction of the motor. This curve, as recognized in theart, is not regular at any point, and therefore considerable difficultyhas been experienced in designing a force resistance means capable ofmeeting the curve of effort required.

The principal object of my invention is to provide a governor of thetype described which is so constructed that the suction effort producedbyv the motor can be plotted as a straight line, as a result of whichthe resistance force necessary to balance the valve at any desired openposition can also be plotted as a straight line of effort.

' A further object of my invention is to provide a governor of the typedescribed so constructed that the configuration of the conduit throughthe governor cooperates with the valve plate to provide a straight lineof effort for operating the governor.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a governor whichis so simple in construction that the number of working parts arereduced to a minimum and one which will have long life even thoughsubjected to hard usage.

A further object of my invention is to provide in governor constructiona conduit having a removable wall so constructed that the resultshereinbefore mentioned can be achieved by the use of this wall inpresent day governors.

A further object of my invention is to provide a wall section ingovernor construction capable of adjustment to meet differentrequirements.

Other objects and advantages will be more apparent from the followingdescription Vwherein 60 the lines 2 2 of Fig. 1.

1934, Serial No. 726,670

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view through the passageway of the governortaken generally on the lines 3 3 of Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional View through the governor passagewaytaken generally on Vthe lines 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is-a diagrammatic view illustrating generally the action of thevalve in the passageway.

Fig. 6 is a graph-illustrating the lines of elort produced b-y myinvention at different speeds.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a valve in the ordinarypassageway, and

Fig. 8 is a graph illustrating the curved lines of effort produced atdifferent speeds by the use of a construction such as is shown in Fig.7.

In carrying out my invention, I provide a block or casing I0 which isformed'with the rectangular passageway I2 therein,'and which may beprovided with ilanges I4 and I6 containing openings I8 and 2D. Suitablebolts may pass through the openings I8 and 2i! and through flanges uponadjoining sections of the conduit between the carburetor and themanifold of an internal combustion member so that the governor may besuitably positioned in operative position.

A valve member 22 may be provided in the rectangular passageway I2 andcomprise the shaft member 24 which extends through suitable bearings 26and 28 in the housing I Il, and a flat plate member 30 mounted upon aflattened portion 32 of the shaft 24. The shaft 24, as clearly shown inFig. 4, is positioned substantially against a wall. of the passagewayand may extend outwardly from the block I0 and enter a housingV portion34 within which a lever or arm 36 is securely fastened thereto. The arm36 Vcarries a roller 38 adjacent its extended end for a purpose whichwill be more clearly understood hereinafter..

In order to provide a force for opposing the closing movement of valve30 in theV passageway I2, I provide an ordinary fiat spring member 40which may be mounted for adjustment in a block 42 in the housing 34. Theconstruction of the block and associated parts may be similar to thoseshown in my co-pending application, filed September 1'7, 1932, andbearing Serial No. 633,695, and now Patent No. 1,999,758, granted April30, 1935.

Thek passageway I2 is rectangular in shape,

as has been noted, and I provide a plate member 43 secured by suitablescrew members 44 to one wall of the passageway. The plate 43 may beformed with a flat portion 45 and an arcuately shaped portion 48terminating in a slight radius and an oppositely sloping portion 50.

The screw member 44 may pass through a slotted opening 52 in the wall ofpassageway I2, so that lateral adjustment of the plate 43 may be easilymade.

The operation of my improved governor will now be described:

In order to understand the principles of operation of suction controlledor velocity type governors, it is necessaryto clearly understand .whattakes place between the principal components. Accordingly, when agovernor is interposed between the carburetor and the engine manifold.V

with the engine rotating at a constant speed, the action of the pistonsand valves is similarl to that of an air compressor, takingrwhatair,`

exists in the manifold into the cylinder on the down-stroke of thepiston, and'onan'lup-stroke.V

expelling this air into the exhaust passage..

'I'his action naturally reduces the amount of air` in the inletmanifoldand causes a. partial vacuum to exist therein. As a result of thisaction, a lower pressure exists onf the manifoldr side of the governorvalve thanthe pressure on thecarburetor side of the governor valve. Thisdifference in pressure naturally exerts a forceon the Valve to move itto a closed position.

By making an actual experiment to. deter-I mine the force of the effortof the valve to .remain closed, I have shown the line of effort upon thegraph shown in Fig. 8; In this graph, units of weight are used asordinants on the left, and degrees of opening of the valve for thehorizontal lines of the graph.

Drawinga line through the points which have been charted, indicating thediierent units of Weight necessary to open the valvevto thedifferent'numberzof degrees, it has been found that the line of effortis a curved line, and therefore, in designing a governor to meet therequirements of opening the valve at a desired speed to a desireddegreea spring member was necessary which could meet the sudden andunrelated changes of` the curve. It is interesting toV note from thisgraph that with the ordinary square opening in the. conduit, and anunbalanced valve platethat there is comparatively little change intheeffort upon the valve to close from 40 to 50 degrees-open; that thereis a relatively high `degreerof change ofthe effort oi the valve toclose -betweenl degrees and 0 degrees opening of they valve, and thatthere is a gradual uneven change between the two rst mentionedconditions.

In Fig, GHI have illustratedan actual test of Athe line ofeffortrequired to close theA governor valve where my improved governorconstruction has been employed. This graph issimilar to Fig. 8 in thatpounds of effort are used as ordinants on the -left and degrees ofAopening of the valve are used ashorizontal abscissa.

Due--to thel gradual curve of the wall oi the governor passagewayresulting from the use of the curved plate 43, I-have foundthat theeffortneeded-to close the valve may be charted as a-straight line from 0degrees opening of the valve to 50 degrees, or Wide open.

On the graph as shown, the line of effort is charted at three differentspeeds- 1500, 2000, and 2500 R. P. M.. The importance of straighteningoutthe curve of eiort as shown by tests of governors of the prior art,lies in the fact that with my construction it is not necessary to employVspring or piston members with a resistance built up to meet the.particular curve. Rather, a spring or other resistance element having aresistance directly proportional to the foot-y pounds of pressureemployed to ex the same may be employed, thus obviating the necessity ofusing cams, levers with changing centers, or other unnecessarymechanicalzdevices heretofore employed.

The curvature of this plate, or rather thle curvature of the wall of theconduit, is necessarilygoverned by the requirements of the particularIcombustion engine with which it is desired to employ; the same. Theresult, however, of using a curved wall such as I have shown, is tofdenitelyastraighten out the curve of effort by whichtthel valve isdrawn to a closed position, thereby necessarily straightening out thecurve of effort. required from a resistance unit for balancingthe valvein a desired'open position.

It is believed to be obvious from the: foregoingl description thatv ahighly. simplified gov,- ernor has been provided, one which will cutdown the cost of .governor construction verymaterially,`

and lone which employs fewer parts and'parts which .donot need theVrefinementv of special se lection or test before they can besuccessfully employed.

While'I .have illustrated and described a specific embodiment of myinvention, it will be understood that changes and modications may bemadetherein; and I do not wishto limit` myself inv any particular, ratherwhat I desire to secure and protect by Letters Patentl of thel UnitedStates, is:

1. A governorA for an internal combustionV en-` gine, said governor'havinga conduit therein, an unbalanced valve plate pivotedsubstantially against one wall of said conduit and'adapted to swing in aradius in a valve closing movement under suction from` theengine againstanopposite wall, said wall having a prole curve.

greater Vthan the radius of the arc through which the valve plate isswungandengageable onli/.by-

the valve plate at the point of origin of said curve,- said valve'platepivoted above the point of origin of said curve.

2; A- governor for. aninternal combustion engine, said governor having.a conduit therein, an unbalanced valve plate pivoted substantiallyagainst one Wall of .said conduit and adapted to swing in a radiusfin avalve closing movement against an opposite wall under suction .from saidengine; said: wallhaving a profile curve greater than the arc throughwhich the valve plate.l is swung and engageable. only by the valve plateadjacent the point of'origin of'said curve, said Wall being; adjustableto change'the location of said' profile curve portion.

3. AY governor for an internal combustionen engageable only'byA thevalve plate at the point',

of origin of said curve, saidvalve plate pivoted above the point oforigin of said curve.-

ADDISON C. HOOF.

